Weather And Climate : Weather is a bunch of events that happen in the atmosphere all over the world. Climate helps you understand the weather in your own part of the world. The air, or atmosphere, around us behaves in different ways. It changes when it is hot or cold, and when it is wet or dry. It acts differently when it is calm or stormy, and clear or cloudy. The atmosphere reacts to everything from rain to sunshine. Sometimes the atmosphere behaves violently, and sometimes it is peaceful and quiet. Either way, it is weather. Meteorologists record the weather every day. The constant recording of weather information helps to determine the climate of an area.

Climate is the characteristic condition of the atmosphere near the earth's surface at a certain place on earth. It is the long-term weather of that area (at least 30 years), This includes the region's general pattern weather conditions, seasons and weather extremes like hurricanes, droughts, or rainy periods. A place that does hot get much rain over many years would have a dry climate. A place where it stays cold for most of the year would have a cold climate. Climate is useful for weather forecasting. It also helps determine when the best time would be for farmers to plant their crops. Observe the weather each day, and you can determine the clímate.

World biomes are controlled by climate. The climate of a region will determine what plants will grOw there, and what animals will inhabit it. All three components, climate, plants and animals are interwoven to create the fabric of a biome.

Common weather phenomena found on earth include fog, wind, dust storms, clouds, rain and snow. Less common events include natural disasters such as tornadoes, hurricanes, typhoons and ice storms. AlmOst all familiar weather phenomena occur in the troposphere (the lower part of the atmosphere). Weather does occur in the stratosphere and can affect the weather dowm in the troposphere. Weather occur primarily due to temperature and moisture differences between one place and another. These differences can occur due to the sun angle at any particular spot, which varies by latitude from the tropics. In other words, the farther from the tropics a place is, the lower the sun angle is; it causes those locations to be cooler due to the indirect sunlight.

Because the Earth's axis is tilted relative to its orbital plane, sunlight is incident at different angles at different times of the year. In June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the sun. Therefore, at any given Northern Hemisphere latitude, sunlight falls more directly on that spot than in December. This effect causes seasons.

The atmosphere is a chaotic system, so small changes to one part of the system can grow to have large effects on the system as a whole. This makes it difficult to predict weather accurately more than a few days in advance, though weather forecasters are continually working to extend this limit through the scientific study of weather, meteorology. It is theoretically impossible to make useful day-to-day predictions more than about two weeks ahead, imposing an upper limit to potential for improved prediction skill.

Chapters

Pre-Historic Period

Indus Valley Civilization

Vedic Civilization

Religious Reform Movement

The Early Kingdoms

The Mauryan Empire

Post Mauryan Period

The Age Of The Guptas

Post Gupta Era

Age of Rajput

Khilji Dynasty